The Culture of Organizational Performance Impact of Remote Working: The Case of Yeme Architect

Authors

  • ALKESTID STERJO University of Bradford

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18196/jgp.v14i1.16620

Keywords:

culture, organisation, pandemic, perrformance, value

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic has dramatically changed how organisations oper- ate, receiving attention by many. Remote working entails new norms, which subsequently transform organisational culture that is central to organisational performance. This research explores how this change shapes organisational values that underpins organisational culture, and its effect on employees’ performance. Using a case study of a SME architectural firm in Bradford, UK, qualitative data was gathered through interviews and secondary data, where data was analysed using thematic analysis method. Synthesis suggests, to preserve the existing values, employers should seek to constantly engage with employees through frequent communications, demonstrate actions in favour of the values and reenforce them through reward and recognition. However, new mechanisms to implement this should be identified, given the new working environment (virtual) and different factors affecting employees’ motivation.

References

Akkirman, A.D. and Harris, D. (2005). Organizational communication satisfaction inthe virtual workplace.

Al Saifi, S.A. (2015). Positioning organisational culture in knowledge management re- search.

Anderson, V. (2013). Research Methods In Human Resource Management. 3rd ed. Lon- don: Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development.

Ankrah, N.A. and Langford, D.A. (2005). Architects and contractors: a comparative study of organizational cultures. Construction Management and Economics, 23(6), pp.595– 607.

Armstrong, M. (2014). Armstrong’s handbook of performance management: an evidence- based guide to delivering high performance.

Armstrong, M. (2015). Armstrong’s Handbook of Reward Management Practice. 5thed.

Kogan Page, Limited.

Barber, R. E., & Lucas Jr, H. C. (1983). System response time operator productivity, and job satisfaction. Communications of the ACM, 26(11), 972-986.

Barley, S., Meyer, G., & Gash, D. (1988). Cultures of Culture: Academics, Practitioners and the Pragmatics of Normative Control. Administrative Science Quarterly, 33(1), 24-60. doi:10.2307/2392854

Barney, J.B. (1986). Organizational Culture: Can It Be a Source of Sustained Competitive Advantage? The Academy of Management Review, 11(3), pp.656–665.

Barret, M., Sahay, S., Hinings, B., & Krishna, S. (1997, December). The process of building GSO relationships: the experience of a multinational vendor with Indian contractors. In Proceedings of the eighteenth international conference on Information systems (pp. 500-501).

Bass, B. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership and organizational culture. Public administration quarterly, 112-121.

Bhasin, H. (2020). Merchandising Visual - Definisi, Elemen, Tujuan. Retrieved from Marketing99: https://www.marketing91.com/visualmerchandising/

BBC (2020). Coronavirus: How the World of Work May Change Forever. [online] www.bbc.com . Available at: https://www.bbc.com /worklife/article/20201023- coronavirus-how-will-the-pandemic-change-the-way-we-work.

Berson, Y., Oreg, S. and Dvir, T., (2008). CEO Values, Organizational Culture and Firm Outcomes. [online] 29. Available at: https://www-jstor- org.brad.idm.oclc.org/stable/ pdf/30162650.pdf?refreqid=excelsior%3A24beb9ea7d640 6b1a03d3494678554bc Bititci, U.S., Mendibli, K., Nudurupati, S., Garengo, P. and Turner, T. (2006). Dynamics of performance measurement and organisational culture. https://www-emerald- com.brad.idm.oclc.org/insight/content/doi/10.1108/01443570610710579/full/pdf?title

=dynamics-of-performance-measurement-and-organisational-culture.

Blois, K. J. (1999). Trust in business to business relationships: An evaluation of its status. Journal of management studies, 36(2), 197-215.

Braun, V. and Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Re- search in Psychology, 3, 77–101.

Bresnahan, B. W., Dickie, M., & Gerking, S. (1997). Averting behavior and urban air pollution. Land Economics, 340-357.

Burrell, G., & Morgan, G. (1979). Sociological Paradigms and Organizational Analysis. Aldershot, UK: Gower.

Bycio, P., Hackett, R. D., & Allen, J. S. (1995). Further assessments of Bass's (1985) conceptualization of transactional and transformational leadership. Journal of applied psychology, 80(4), 468.

Carter, P. (1992) ‘Book Reviews/ : Nils Brunsson: The Organization of Hypocrisy: Talk,Decisions and Actions in Organizations 1989, Chichester: Wiley. 242 pages’, Organization Studies, 13(2), pp. 291–295. doi: 10.1177/017084069201300211.

Chapman, W. G., Jackson, G., & Gubbins, K. E. (1988). Phase equilibria of associating fluids: chain molecules with multiple bonding sites. Molecular Physics, 65(5), 1057-1079.

CIPD. (2020). Performance Management | Factsheets | CIPD. [online] Available at: https:/

/www.cipd.co.uk/knowledge/fundamentals/people/performance/factsheet Crossculture.com. (2015). The Lewis Model – Dimensions of Behaviour | Cross Culture.

[online] Available at: <https://www.crossculture.com/the-lewis-model-dimensions-of- behaviour/>.

Crotty, M. (1998) The foundations of social research meaning and perspective in the research process. London: SAGE Publications, ch. 1-4.

Donnelly, R. and Johns, J. (2020). Recontextualising remote working and its HRM in the digital economy: An integrated framework for theory and practice. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 32(1), pp.1–22.

Doney, P. M., & Cannon, J. P. (1997). An examination of the nature of trust in buyer–seller relationships. Journal of marketing, 61(2), 35-51.

Elliott, D. and Smith, D. (2006). Cultural Readjustment After Crisis: Regulation and Learn- ing from Crisis Within the UK Soccer Industry*. Journal of Management Studies, 43(2), pp.289–317.

Elsbach, K.D. and Stigliani, I. (2018). Design Thinking and Organizational Culture: A Re - view and Framework for Future Research. Journal of Management, [online] 44(6), pp.2274–2306. Available at: https://mycourses.aalto.fi/pluginfile.php/858958 / mod_resource/content/0/Elsback_Sti gliani_designthinking_2018.pdf.

Eskerod, Pernille & Skriver, Hans. (2007). Organizational Culture Restraining in -

House Knowledge Transfer between Project Managers a Case Study. Project Manage- ment Journal. 38. 110-123. 10.1177/875697280703800111.

Fiedler, F. E. (1996). Research on leadership selection and training: One view of the future. Administrative science quarterly, 241-250.

Flores, M. (2019). Understanding The Challenges Of Remote Working And It’s Impact To Workers.

Frooman, J. (1999). Stakeholder influence strategies. Academy of management review, 24(2), 191-205.

Gardenswartz, L., & Rowe, A. (1998). Managing diversity: A complete desk reference and planning guide. McGraw Hill Professional.

Giddens, A. (1980). Classes, capitalism, and the state.

Goffee, R., & Jones, G. (1996). What holds the modern company together?. Harvard business review, 74(6), 133-148.

Golembiewski, R. T., & McConkie, M. (1975). The centrality of interpersonal trust in group processes. Theories of group processes, 131(1), 131-185.

Goodpaster, K. E. (1991). Business ethics and stakeholder analysis. Business ethics quarterly, 53-73.

Handy, N. C., Yamaguchi, Y., & Schaefer III, H. F. (1986). The diagonal correction to the Born–Oppenheimer approximation: Its effect on the singlet–triplet splitting of CH2 and other molecular effects. The Journal of chemical physics, 84(8), 4481 -4484.

Hartog, D.N. and Verburg, R.M. (2004). High performance work systems, organisational culture and firm effectiveness. Human Resource Management Journal, 14(1), pp.55– 78.

HBS Working Knowledge. (2020). Does Remote Work Mix with Organizational Culture? [online] Available at: https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/does-remote-work-mix-with- orga- nizational-culture

Howard-Grenville, J. (2020). How to Sustain Your Organization’s Culture When Every- one Is Remote.

Howard-Grenville, J. (2020). How to Sustain Your Organization’s Culture When Every- one Is Remote. [online] MIT Sloan Management Review. Available at: https:// sloanreview.mit.edu/article/how-to-sustain-your-organizations-culture-when- every- one-is-remote/.

Howell, J. M., & Avolio, B. J. (1993). Transformational leadership, transactional leadership, locus of control, and support for innovation: Key predictors of consolidated-business-unit performance. Journal of applied psychology, 78(6), 891.

Hosmer, L. T. (1995). Trust: The connecting link between organizational theory and philosophical ethics. Academy of management Review, 20(2), 379-403.

Lewis, K. K. (1995). Puzzles in international financial markets. Handbook of international economics, 3, 1913-1971.

Joseph, O.O. and Kibera, F. (2019). Organizational Culture and Performance: Evidence From Microfinance Institutions in Kenya. SAGE Open, [online] 9(1), p.215824401983593. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/ 2158244019835934.

Kassem, R., Ajmal, M. and Khan, M., (2017). The Relationship Between Organizational Culture and Business Excellence. International Journal of Information Systems in the Service Sector, 8(3), pp.16-35.

Kontoghiorghes, C., (2015). Linking high performance organizational culture and talent management: satisfaction/motivation and organizational commitment asmediators. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 27(16), pp.1833- 1853. Kotter, J.P. and Heskett, J.L. (2018). Corporate Culture and Performance. [online] Hbs.edu.

Available at: https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=139.

Kurland, N. and Bailey, D. (2014). The Advantages and Challenges of Working Here,There, Anywhere, and Anytime.

Lai, K.S., Yusof, N. and Kamal, E.M. (2016). Organizational culture of the architectural firm: a case in a developing country. International Journal of Construction Manage- ment, 16(3), pp.197–208.

Lewis, K. K. (1995). Puzzles in international financial markets. Handbook of international economics, 3, 1913-1971.

Li, T. (2015). ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE & EMPLOYEE BEHAVIOR.

Lok, P. and Crawford, J. (2003). The effect of organisational culture and leadership style on job satisfaction and organisational commitment A cross-national comparison.

Lund, S., Madgavkar, A., Manyika, J. and Smit, S. (2020). What’s next for remote work: An analysis of 2,000 tasks, 800 jobs, and nine countries | McKinsey. [online] www.mckinsey.com. Available at: https://www.mckinsey.com/featured- insights/fu- ture- of-work/whats-next-for-remote-work-an-analysis-of-2000-tasks- 800-jobs-and- nine- countries.

Magee, K. C. (2002). The impact of organizational culture on the implementation of performance management. Georgia State University.

Maharani, D. and Roshandi, F., (2020). Do Types Of Organizational Culture Correlate With The Job Satisfaction?: A Study On Employees’ Perception. [online] 7. Available at: http://file:///C:/Users/emmaw/Downloads/10311-57867-1- PB.pdf

Manetje, O. and Martins, N. (2009). The relationship between organisational culture and organisational commitment.

Marketing91. (2020). Organizational Values - Definition, Meaning, Advantages. [online] Available at: https://www.marketing91.com/organizational-values/.

Martins, E.G. and Terblanche, F. (2003). Building organisational culture that stimulates creativity and innovation.

Mohsen, A. and Neyazi, N. (2020). The Impact of Organizational Culture on EmployeesPerformance: An overview.

Moore, D. R., Cheng, M. I., & Dainty, A. R. (2002). Competence, competency and competencies: performance assessment in organisations. Work study.

Moorhead, J., & Griffin, K. (2009). The measurement and antecedents of affective continuous and normative commitments to organizations. Journal of occupational Psychology, 63, 1-8.

Morgan, R. M., & Hunt, S. D. (1994). The commitment-trust theory of relationship marketing. Journal of marketing, 58(3), 20-38.

Ogbonna, E. (1992). Managing Organisational Culture: Fantasy Or Reality? Human Re- source Management Journal, 3(2), pp.42–54.

Ogbonna, Emmanuel & Harris, Lloyd. (2020). Leadership Style, Organizational Culture and Performance: Empirical Evidence from U.K. Companies. International Journal of Human Resource Management - INT J HUM RESOUR MANAG. 11. 10.1080/ 09585190050075114.

Oh, S. and Han, H., (2018). Facilitating organisational learning activities: Types of organisational culture and their influence on organisational learning and perfor mance. [online] Available at: https://www-tandfonline- com.brad.idm.oclc.org/doi/ full/10.1080/14778238.2018.1538668

Owen, D. L., Swift, T. A., Humphrey, C. and Bowerman, M. C. 2000. ‘The new social audits: accountability, managerial capture or the agenda of social champions?’ European Accounting Review, 9:1, 81±98.

Owino, J. and Kibera, F., (2019). Organizational Culture and Performance: Evidence From Microfinance Institutions in Kenya - Owino O. Joseph, Francis Kibera, 2019. [online] SAGE J ournals. Available at: https://journals.sagepub.com /doi/full/10.1177/ 2158244019835934.

Phillips, D. (1997). Exhibiting authenticity. Manchester University Press.

Ring, P. S. (1996). Fragile and resilient trust and their roles in economic exchange.

Business & Society, 35(2), 148-175.

Ring, P. S., & Van de Ven, A. H. (1992). Structuring cooperative relationships between organizations. Strategic management journal, 13(7), 483-498.

Robbins, T. W. (1996). Dissociating executive functions of the prefrontal cortex. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 351(1346), 1463-1471.

Roodt, G., Rieger, H., & Sempane, M. E. (2002). Job satisfaction in relation to organisational culture. SA Journal of industrial Psychology, 28(2), 23 -30.

Saunders, M., (2019). “Research Methods For Business Students”. 8th ed. Birmingham: Pearson Education.

Schein, E., (2004). Organizational Culture and Leadership. [online] Available at: http:// www.untag-smd.ac.id/files/Perpustakaan_Digital_2/ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE Organizational Culture and Leadership, 3rd Edition.pdf

Schurr, P. and Ozanne, JL. (1985).“Influences of exchange processes: buyer’s preconceptions of a seller’s trustworthiness and bargaining toughness”,Journal of Consumer Research, March, Vol 11, pp. 939-953.

Shapiro, S. P. (1987). The social control of impersonal trust. American journal of Sociology, 93(3), 623-658.

SHRM. (2020). Understanding And Developing Organizational Culture. [online] Avail- able at: https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/tools-and- samples/toolkits/pages/ understandinganddevelopingorganizationalculture.aspx

Silverzweig, S., & Allen, R. F. (1976). Changing the corporate culture. Sloan Management Review (pre-1986), 17(3), 33.

Sinclair, A. (1993). Approaches to Organisational Culture and Ethics.

Smircich, L. (1983). Concepts of Culture and Organizational Analysis. Administrative Sci- ence Quarterly, 28(3), 339-358. doi:10.2307/2392246.

Sokro, E. (2012). Analysis Of The Relationship That Exists Between Organisational Cul- ture, Motivation And Performance. [online] . Available at:https:// www.scientiasocialis.lt/pmc/files/pdf/Sokro_Vol.3.pdf.

Spicer, A. (2020). Organizational Culture and COVID 19. Journal of Management Stud- ies, 57(8).

Spicer, A., Alvesson, M. and Kärreman, D. (2016) ‘Extending critical performativity’, Hu- man Relations, 69(2), pp. 225–249. doi: 10.1177/0018726715614073.

Staples, D.S., Hulland, J.S. and Higgins, C.A. (2006). A Self-Efficacy Theory Explanation for the Management of Remote Workers in Virtual Organizations. Journal of Com- puter- Mediated Communication, 3(4).

The 6Q Blog. (2015). How to Grow a Positive Company Culture with a Remote Team. [online] Available at: https://inside.6q.io/how-to-grow-a-positive-company-culture- with-a-remote-team/

Van den Berg, P.T. and Wilderom, C.P.M. (2004). Defining, Measuring, and Comparing Organisational Cultures. Applied Psychology, 53(4), pp.570–582.

Van Thielen, T., Decramer, A., Vanderstraeten, A. and Audenaert, M., (2018). When does performance management foster team effectiveness? A mixed-method field study on the influence of environmental extremity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 39(6), pp.766-782

Waddock, S. and Rasche, A., (2012). Building The Responsible Enterprise: Where Vision

And Values Add Value. Stanford: Stanford University Press.

Wong, M. C., & dkk. (2021). Acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine based on the health belief model: A population-based survey in Hong Kong. Elsevier,

-1156.

Zucker, L. G. (1986). Production of trust: Institutional sources of economic structure, 1840–1920. Research in organizational behavior.

Downloads

Published

2023-02-17